Interpretation of Technical Policies Related to Prevention and Control of Chromium Salt Industrial Pollution

China Environmental News reporter Guo Weitong is difficult

The Ministry of Environmental Protection has recently issued the "Technical Policy on the Prevention and Treatment of Chromium Salt Industrial Pollution" (hereinafter referred to as the "Technical Policy") to prevent and control environmental pollution, improve the scientificity of pollution control and environmental management, and lead the cleaner production process and pollution control technology of chromium salts industry. progress. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Environmental Protection accepted an interview with reporters on the background, principles and objectives of the "Technical Policy".

Reporter: What is the background of the "Technology Policy" issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection?

A : Chromium residue treatment is a global environmental protection problem. In 1991, the former National Science and Technology Commission entrusted the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences and the former Ministry of Chemical Industry to conduct investigations and studies on the pollution status of the chromium salt industry in China at that time, and proposed prevention and control of pollution. Countermeasures and suggestions. Since then, the relevant state departments have issued dozens of administrative regulations in response to the industry development of the chromium salt industry. However, in the past 20 years, the clean production technology in the chromium salt industry has not been popularized, and the industry has an unorderly expansion of production capacity. It is urgent to establish clean production standardization technologies that lead the development of the industry.

To this end, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued a "Technical Policy," which proposes pollution prevention technology policies in terms of clean production of chromium salts, chromium-containing waste water, waste gas, and disposal of waste residues to control increasingly serious chromium pollution.

Reporter: What principles should the "Technical Policy" follow for the prevention and control of chromium salt industrial pollution?

A : According to the characteristics of chromium salt industrial pollution, the “Technical Policy” follows the principles of pollution prevention and control in the whole process, source control, process emission reduction, and end-of-line recycling. The focus is on pollution prevention. The focus is on cleaner production and emission reduction. Destruction, equipment closure, operation automation, and measurement accuracy are the characteristics.

The first is source control. The use of high-grade chromium-containing raw materials and clean energy can reduce the emission of “three wastes”. Promote energy-saving, water-saving technologies and equipment, and promote a number of advanced equipment, such as high-uniformity mixers, super-large rotary kiln, continuous automatic neutralizer and acidifier, forced circulation multi-effect evaporator, continuous evaporation and crystallization The complete set of anhydrous sodium bicarbonate reduces the material consumption, energy consumption and water consumption of chromium chemical production.

The second is cleaner production. Referring to the Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Circular on Circular Economy Technology, Process and Equipment (the First Batch) encouraged by the State, encourage the use of sub-molten liquid phase oxidation. Calcium-free roasting and other advanced clean production processes, eliminating calcium roasting method and less calcium roasting production process.

The third is the end of governance. The prevention and control of chromium pollution should follow the principles of “reduction, recycling, and harmlessness”, reducing the amount of solid waste as much as possible, and recycling, processing, and recycling solid waste that has already been produced. Solid waste that cannot be or cannot be comprehensively used for a period of time is safely handled and disposed of.

The fourth is risk prevention. Chromium salt production projects are chemical production projects, and most of the chemicals involved, such as products and accessories, are toxic and corrosive. According to "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects", an emergency accident pool shall be established in accordance with the relevant regulations; the ground and production plant of the production plant shall adopt strict anti-seepage measures as required, and set up long-term groundwater monitoring wells in accordance with the specifications to prevent hexavalent chromium. Contaminated soil and groundwater; detoxified chromium slag is transported outside the plant for comprehensive utilization of resources and should be transported and stored in accordance with the relevant regulations; environmental assessment is performed on the application of the closed chromium salt plant site and the decommissioned chromium residue storage (field) and its surroundings. .

Reporter: How does the technology policy lead China's chromium salt industry to make technical progress and develop healthily?

A : The "Technical Policy" leads the technological progress and healthy development of China's chromium salt industry mainly in the following two aspects:

The first is unified planning and reasonable layout. Encourage deep processing of domestic sodium dichromate products, strictly control the export of chromium salt primary products; implement unified planning, rational distribution, eliminate backwardness and new renovation and expansion, strengthen macro-control, promote industrial restructuring, adjust industrial layout, and solve environmental sensitive issues. Regional pollution problems.

The second is source reduction and cleaner production. Advance the technological progress of chromium salt production and strengthen the prevention and control of chromium pollution.

Reporter: In the past decade, pollution accidents in the chromium salt industry have occurred frequently. How to establish risk prevention mechanisms and control pollution accidents?

A : According to the “National List of Hazardous Wastes”, chromium slag, aluminum sludge, chromium sulphate-containing hydrogen sulphide, and wastewater treatment sludge are hazardous wastes. Storing and disposal of chrome-containing hazardous wastes should comply with the “Hazardous waste storage pollution control standards” and “Dangers. The Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standards and the "Control Standards for Incineration of Hazardous Wastes" and other regulations stipulate that priority should be given to the comprehensive utilization of resources in the plant. After the detoxified chromium residue is transported outside the plant for comprehensive utilization of resources, it should be transported and stored in accordance with the relevant regulations, effectively preventing chromium pollution during transportation and storage.

Reporter: What are the control objectives for the ultimate realization of the technology policy?

A : The control objectives of the ultimate realization of the technology policy are mainly reflected in the following four points:

The first is the total elimination of calcium roasting and less calcium roasting process. The whole industry adopts calcium-free roasting method, sub-molten salt liquid-phase oxidation method, ferrochrome alkali dissolved oxidation method, pneumatic fluidized tower continuous liquid-phase oxidation method, ferrochrome Oxidation alkali leaching oxidation method, double self-return low temperature molten salt method and other chromium salt cleaner production process.

The second is to form large-scale intensive production through strong and strong alliances, complementary advantages, mergers and acquisitions and reorganizations, and concentrate on advantageous resources to promote R&D and development of production technologies, increase production levels and efficiency, and achieve large-scale, large-scale, and rational layout of chromium salts production. Industry development goals.

Third, the development of production capacity and output must be determined based on market forecasts and actual market demand to prevent overcapacity. Strive to improve product quality, increase product variety and specifications, in particular, vigorously develop high value-added chromium salt deep processing products, increase market competitiveness, expand the international market, and increase the economic efficiency of enterprises.

Fourthly, all enterprises must achieve emission standards, zero discharge of chromium-containing waste water, all harmless disposal of all chromium-containing waste residues in the year, eliminate pollution accidents, and do a good job in remediation of chromium-contaminated soil and groundwater in contaminated sites. Cleaner production has completely changed the image of serious pollution in the industry.